The 3T3 Neutral Red Uptake (NRU) is a cytotoxicity based phototoxicity assay that utilizes murine fibroblasts BALB/c 3T3 to measure the neutral red uptake by the cells upon exposure to test substance.
To assess viability, the neutral red uptake (NRU) by cells exposed to the test chemical in the presence of UVA exposure 5 J/cm2 UVA is compared to the NRU by monolayers of 3T3 fibroblasts cells exposed to the test chemical in the absence of UVA exposure.
Neutral Red (NR) is a weak cationic dye, readily diffuses through cell membranes and accumulates in cellular lysosomes. In lysosome due to the acidic environment NR is oxidized. This positively charged dye is then trapped within the lysosome. Unless the cell or lysosome is damaged, the red dye remains trapped. Upon exposure to test chemicals causing damage to cellular membrane, NR is released from lysosomal compartment and can be measured indicating cytotoxic potential.
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